Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to elucidate of mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (55°C) syntrophic substrate oxidizing anaerobes, individually. The whole microbe cell was visualized in a wet amount of each enrichment culture with substrate of benzoate, ethanol and propionate, separately. Targeted cells, which determined previously by 16S rRNA-cloning analysis as the dominant microbe, were hybridized in situ by employing the specific 16S rRNA-tergeted oligonucleotide ...