Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to elucidate of mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (55°C) syntrophic substrate oxidizing anaerobes, individually. The whole microbe cell was visualized in a wet amount of each enrichment culture with substrate of benzoate, ethanol and propionate, separately. Targeted cells, which determined previously by 16S rRNA-cloning analysis as the dominant microbe, were hybridized in situ by employing the specific 16S rRNA-tergeted oligonucleotide ...

A formulation approach to quantify the abundance of coral genera is considered important to obtain basic information necessary in determining the potency and condition of coral, and one application can also be used to set quota for coral trade. The line intercept method has been used in five different area throughout Indonesian archipelago representing prestine area to heavy disturbances. Based on the number of occurance, the genera dominance, the size of colony and the coral coverage in ...